The iPhone 4 is a smartphone that was developed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the fourth generation of the iPhone lineup, succeeding the iPhone 3GS and preceding the iPhone 4s. Following a number of notable leaks, the iPhone 4 was first unveiled on June 7, 2010, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference in San Francisco, and was released on June 24, 2010, in the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan.
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{"type":"standard","title":"Non-Muslim Provinces under Early Islam","displaytitle":"Non-Muslim Provinces under Early Islam","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q106200787","titles":{"canonical":"Non-Muslim_Provinces_under_Early_Islam","normalized":"Non-Muslim Provinces under Early Islam","display":"Non-Muslim Provinces under Early Islam"},"pageid":67072709,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cb/Non-Muslim_Provinces_under_Early_Islam%2C_Islamic_Rule_and_Iranian_Legitimacy_in_Armenia_and_Caucasian_Albania.jpeg","width":250,"height":398},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cb/Non-Muslim_Provinces_under_Early_Islam%2C_Islamic_Rule_and_Iranian_Legitimacy_in_Armenia_and_Caucasian_Albania.jpeg","width":250,"height":398},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1265002824","tid":"39fd343f-c20e-11ef-b6c3-7e5e14921100","timestamp":"2024-12-24T15:46:23Z","description":"Book by Alison Vacca","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Muslim_Provinces_under_Early_Islam","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Muslim_Provinces_under_Early_Islam?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Muslim_Provinces_under_Early_Islam?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Non-Muslim_Provinces_under_Early_Islam"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Muslim_Provinces_under_Early_Islam","revisions":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Non-Muslim_Provinces_under_Early_Islam","edit":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Muslim_Provinces_under_Early_Islam?action=edit","talk":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Non-Muslim_Provinces_under_Early_Islam"}},"extract":"Non-Muslim Provinces under Early Islam: Islamic Rule and Iranian Legitimacy in Armenia and Caucasian Albania is a book by Alison Vacca about medieval Armenia and Caucasian Albania. The book deals with the change from Sasanian rule to caliphal rule within these two predominantly Christian polities who were part of the Iranian cultural sphere. The book focusses on the history of Armenia and Caucasian Albania under the Islamic Caliphate, elements of administrative continuity between Sasanian and caliphal rule, and changes in administration by the Marwanids and early Abbasids in relation to these two provinces. Additionally, according to the book description: \"Vacca examines historical narrative and the construction of a Sasanian cultural memory during the late ninth and tenth centuries to place the provinces into a broader context of Iranian rule\". The book is considered to be within the scope of Islamic, Iranian and Caucasus studies, in addition to being of interest for those studying Iranian identity and Muslim-Christian relations within Western Asia.","extract_html":"
Non-Muslim Provinces under Early Islam: Islamic Rule and Iranian Legitimacy in Armenia and Caucasian Albania is a book by Alison Vacca about medieval Armenia and Caucasian Albania. The book deals with the change from Sasanian rule to caliphal rule within these two predominantly Christian polities who were part of the Iranian cultural sphere. The book focusses on the history of Armenia and Caucasian Albania under the Islamic Caliphate, elements of administrative continuity between Sasanian and caliphal rule, and changes in administration by the Marwanids and early Abbasids in relation to these two provinces. Additionally, according to the book description: \"Vacca examines historical narrative and the construction of a Sasanian cultural memory during the late ninth and tenth centuries to place the provinces into a broader context of Iranian rule\". The book is considered to be within the scope of Islamic, Iranian and Caucasus studies, in addition to being of interest for those studying Iranian identity and Muslim-Christian relations within Western Asia.
"}